Cotton Incorporated
Cotton Incorporated

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  • Market Data
    • Monthly Economic Letter
      • Cotton Price Definitions
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      • Chinese Cotton Policy Podcasts
      • Pass-Through Series Podcasts
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  • Cotton Production
    • Ag Resources
      • Cotton Crop Market News
        • Cotton Market Weekly
        • Cotton Marketing Planner Newsletter
      • Cotton Farming Decision Aids
        • 2014 Farm Bill – Farm Program and Insurance Decision Aid
        • 2015 Pima Cotton Loan Valuation Model
        • 2017 ELS Cotton Loan Calculator
        • 2017 Upland Cotton Loan Calculator
        • Cotton Basis Tools
        • Cotton Harvest Cost Comparison Program/Decision Aid
        • Cotton Irrigation Decision Aid
        • Cotton Module Transport Calculator
        • Cotton Precision Agriculture Investment Decision Aid
        • Cropland Rental Tool (CROPRENT)
        • Precision Agriculture Yield Variability Analyzer
        • South Plains Profitability
        • The Agricultural & Food Policy Center
      • Spotlight on Cotton Growers
        • Alternative and Low-Cost Sources of Lime and Fertilizer
        • Satellite Imagery Technology to Manage Variable Soil
        • Year-Round Expert Advice to Cotton Growers
        • Precision Input Cost Reduction
        • Innovative Water Sharing System
        • No-Till, Double-Cropping System Yields Costs Savings
        • Manage Heat with Innovation for Cotton Production
        • Soil Variability Lessons Learned
        • Using Gray Water in Cotton Production
      • Websites & Online Resources
        • Cotton Cultivated
        • Focus on Cotton
        • Regional Breeders Testing Network
        • Seed Matrix
        • COTMAN™ Crop Management System
      • Cotton Harvest Systems
        • Cotton Harvest System Videos
        • Seed Cotton Handling Storage
          • A Brief History of Cotton Modules
          • Case IH Half-Length Modules
          • Forming Covering Conventional Modules
          • John Deere Round Modules
          • Module Covers
          • Module Types
          • Proper Cutting of Plastic Wrap on Round Modules
          • References
          • Safety
          • What Is at Risk When Seed Cotton Is Stored
        • Stripper Harvesting
          • Background of Cotton Harvesting
          • Fiber Quality
          • In-Season Procedures
          • Preharvest Preparation
          • References
          • Safety Is Your Responsibility!
          • Stripper Harvester Preparation
        • The Spindle-Type Cotton Harvester
          • Appendix: Harvest Loss Calculations
          • Basic Safety Precautions
          • In-Season Procedures
          • Maximizing Harvester Capacity & Productivity
          • Preseason Procedures
          • Seed Cotton Handling Systems
          • Suggested Reading on Cotton Pickers
          • Introduction
      • Irrigation Management
        • Cotton Water Requirements
        • Initiating and Terminating Irrigation for the Season
        • Irrigation Scheduling Tools
        • Irrigation Systems Overview
        • Management Considerations for Irrigated Cotton
        • References and Additional Resources
        • Sensor-Based Scheduling
        • Water-Sensitivity of Cotton Growth Stages
        • Why Irrigate Cotton?
        • Why Schedule Irrigation?
    • Ag Research
      • Agricultural Economics
        • Farm Finance
        • Cotton Futures and Options
        • Crop Insurance
      • Agronomy
        • SeedMatrix.com
        • Rolling High Rye for Conservation of Tillage Cotton Success
      • Cottonseed
        • Cottonseed Market Prices
        • wholecottonseed.com
        • Whole Cottonseed a Super Feed for Dairy Cows
        • Cottonseed Press Releases
        • Cottonseed Storage
        • Cottonseed Goes With the Flow
        • EasiFlo™ Cottonseed Research
      • Engineering
        • ENSO and Cotton Yield Variability
        • Ginning Research
        • Precision Crop Management for Cotton
          • Other Precision Agriculture for Cotton Websites
          • Precision Cotton Technology Providers
        • Ultra Narrow Row Cotton Harvest to Textiles
          • Fiber and Textile Quality
          • Finger Stripper Harvesting Technology
          • Ginning Stripper Harvested Cotton
          • Marketing Stripper Harvested
          • UNRC Research and Production Experiences
      • Entomology
        • Caterpillar
        • Cotton Aphid
        • Plant Bugs
        • Spider Mites
        • Stink Bugs
        • Thrips
        • Whitefly
          • Management of White Fly Resistance to Key Insecticides in Arizona
          • Technical Advisory Committee of the Whitefly Q Biotype Task Force
      • Herbicide Stewardship
        • Herbicide-resistant Weeds Training Lessons
          • Current Status of Herbicide Resistance in Weeds
          • How Herbicides Work
          • Principles of Managing Herbicide Resistance
          • Scouting After a Herbicide Application and Confirming Herbicide Resistance
          • What Is Herbicide Resistance?
        • Take Action Against Herbicide-Resistant Weeds
      • Nematology
        • 2003 Breeding Cotton Nematode Resistance Meeting Presentations
        • 2005 Breeding Cotton for Resistance to Nematodes Meeting Presentations
        • 2007 Genetics of Root Knot Nematode Resistance in Cotton Meeting Presentations
        • 2012 Breeding Cotton for Resistance to Fusarium and Nematodes Meeting Presentations
      • Plant Pathology
        • Research Coordination Meeting on Target Spot Presentations
        • Review of the Bacterial Blight Research Program
      • Variety Improvement
        • Breeder Fiber Sample Information
          • Fiber Sample Packaging and Labeling
          • Packing Enclosure Form
          • Why Bad Samples are Bad
        • Cotton Breeders’ Tour Archives
        • Sample Project Summaries
        • State Variety Trial Data
      • Weed Management
        • Managing Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth
          • Introduction and Overview
          • List of Attendees
          • Palmer Roundtable Summary
          • Research Presentations
            • Colorado Molecular and Basic Research
            • Segregation and what it means in Palmer amaranth
          • Research Programs from Industry
            • Bayer CropScience
            • Monsanto
            • Syngenta
          • Update from States
            • Arkansas
            • Georgia
            • Louisiana
            • Mississippi
            • North Carolina
            • South Carolina
            • Summary Discussion
            • Tennessee
      • Meetings, Tours, and Presentations
        • 2019 Cotton Breeder’s Tour
        • Cotton Breeders’ Tours Presentations
        • Conservation Tillage Conferences
          • 2007 Conservation Tillage Conference Proceedings
          • 2008 Conservation Tillage Conference Proceedings
          • 2009 Conservation Tillage Conference Proceedings
          • 2010 Conservation Tillage Conference Proceedings
          • 2011 Conservation Tillage Conference Proceedings
          • 2012 Conservation Tillage Conference Proceedings
          • 2013 Conservation Tillage Conference Proceedings
          • 2014 Conservation Tillage Conference Proceedings
          • 2015 Conservation Tillage Conference Proceedings
        • Cotton Biotechnology Workshops
        • Crop Management Seminar Presentations
          • 2006 Presentations
          • 2008 Presentations
          • 2010 Presentations
          • 2012 Presentations
          • 2014 Presentations
        • International Cotton Genome Initiative (ICGI) Research Conference Presentations
      • Ag Research Staff Directory
      • Cotton Incorporated Fellows
        • Cotton Incorporated Fellowships (CIF)
      • State Support Program
        • State Support Program Bylaws
          • Alabama State Support Committee Bylaws
          • California State Support Committee Bylaws
          • Florida State Support Committee Bylaws
          • Georgia State Support Committee Bylaws
          • Louisiana State Support Committee Bylaws
          • Mississippi State Support Committee Bylaws
          • Missouri State Support Committee Bylaws
          • North Carolina State Support Committee Bylaws
          • Oklahoma State Support Committee Bylaws
          • South Carolina State Support Committee Bylaws
          • Tennessee State Support Committee Bylaws
          • Virginia State Cotton Support Committee Bylaws
        • State Support Program Guidelines
        • State Support Program Projects
    • Cotton Quality
      • Classification of Cotton
        • Acknowledgements
        • Classification of American Pima Cotton
        • Classification of Upland Cotton
        • Dissemination of Data
        • Maintaining Official Standards for Classification
        • Overview
        • Quality and Reliability of Classification Data
      • 2019/2020 U.S. Cotton Fiber Chart
        • Bale Sizes
        • Grades of U.S. Cotton
        • HVI® Color Chart
        • Properties of the Growing Regions
        • Ratings of Fiber Properties
      • Cotton Crop Quality
        • Weekly Cotton Crop Quality Report
        • Most Planted Cotton Varieties for 2019
        • Final Cotton Crop Quality Summary Reports
        • Cotton Properties Legend
        • Cotton Crop Quality Summary
      • Product Evaluation Lab
        • Independent Testing Laboratories
      • Cotton Standards Websites
      • EFS® System Software
        • MILLNet™ Software
        • USCROP™ Software
        • Cotton Communicator™ Software
      • EFS® System Technical Service
      • EFS® System Licensees
      • EFS® Licensee Yarn Benefits
      • EFS® Fiber/Yarn Sourcing Directory
  • Quality Products
    • Performance Technologies
      • NATURAL STRETCH Technology
        • NATURAL STRETCH Technology
        • NATURAL STRETCH Licensed Suppliers
      • PUREPRESS™ Technology
      • STORM COTTON™ Technology
        • STORM COTTON™ Technology
        • STORM COTTON™ Licensed Suppliers
      • TOUGH COTTON™ Technology
        • TOUGH COTTON™ Technology
        • TOUGH COTTON™ Licensed Suppliers
      • TransDRY® Technology
        • TransDRY® Technology
        • TransDRY® Licensed Suppliers
      • WICKING WINDOWS™ Technology
        • WICKING WINDOWS™ Technology
        • WICKING WINDOWS™ Supplier List
      • Technology Suppliers
    • Nonwovens
      • Why Cotton?
      • Marketing Resources
        • Aquatic Degradation
        • The Global Baby Care Market Present and Future Growth
        • Discover What Cotton Can DoTM
        • Incontinence Protection
        • Global Feminine Hygiene
        • Power of the Seal
        • Responsible Cotton Production
        • Trademark Licensing Program
      • Cotton Fiber Tech Guide
        • Agricultural Production
        • Cotton Morphology and Chemistry
        • Cotton Preparation
        • Cotton Properties
      • Nonwovens Sourcing
    • Textile Resources
      • Technical Bulletins
      • Standard Fabric Defect Glossary
      • Textile Encyclopedia
      • Fabric Defects Classification
      • Textile Glossary
      • Engineered Cotton Knits Guidelines
      • Cotton Fiber Development and Processing
    • Fabric Inspiration
      • FABRICAST™ Fabric Collections
        • 2018 Part 1
        • Cotton Compilation I
        • Cotton Compilation II
        • Creative Cotton I
        • Creative Cotton II
        • MMXVII Part 1
        • Cotton Innovations II
        • Cotton Innovations I
        • Natural Concepts II
        • Natural Concepts I
        • Cotton Inspiration II
        • Cotton Inspiration I
        • Natural Innovations
      • Performance Knitwear
      • Cotton Durability
    • Textile Sourcing
      • Cut and Sew
      • Dyers
      • Dye and Wash
      • Finishers
      • Knitters
      • Printers
      • Spinners
      • Weavers
      • Textile Associations and Resources
    • Textile Research
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      • Fiber Processing
      • Finishing Research
      • Product Development
      • Product Integrity
      • Technical Services & Implementation
  • Consumer Marketing
    • Retail Partnerships
    • Classroom Teaching Kits
  • About
    • Corporate
      • Worldwide Offices
      • Board of Directors
      • Careers
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        • Student Opportunities
          • Fashion Marketing Internship Program
      • Research Proposal Guidelines
    • History
      • Company Timeline
      • Cotton Hall of Fame
    • Sustainability
      • Sustainability Goals
      • Pioneers of Progress
        • Agriculture
        • Cottonseed
        • Manufacturing
        • Consumer
        • Sustainability Community
        • Citations
    • Pressroom
      • Press Releases
      • Biographies
        • J. Berrye Worsham
        • Mark Messura
        • Kimberley S. Kitchings
        • Jesse Daystar
        • Kater Hake
        • Mike Shen
        • Vikki Martin
        • Mary Ankeny
        • William Kimbrell
        • Ed Barnes
        • Jon Devine
        • Linda DeFranco
        • Janet O’Regan
        • Melissa Bastos
        • Jenna Caccavo
        • Rachel Crumbley
      • Video Archive
      • Did You Know?
    • Event Calendar
    • Seal of Cotton trademark
      • Seal of Cotton trademark
    • Our Websites
      • CottonWorks™
      • Cotton Today
      • Cotton Lifestyle Monitor™
      • Cotton Cultivated
      • The Fabric of Our Lives®
      • Blue Jeans Go Green™
      • Cotton Campus
      • Whole Cottonseed
      • Regional Breeders Testing Network (RBTN)
    • Social Media
    • Cotton Industry Websites
      • Cotton LEADS™
    • Contact Us
  • Market Data
    • Monthly Economic Letter
      • Cotton Price Definitions
    • Executive Cotton Update
    • Supply Chain Insights
      • Seal of Cotton Trademark
      • Things To Know About COVID-19 Third Wave
      • Garment Care & Labels
      • Home Textiles Globally
      • Home Textiles in the U.S.
      • Home Textiles in Mexico
      • Home Textiles in China
      • COVID-19 & Consumer Concerns in Mexico – Second Wave
      • COVID-19 & Consumer Concerns in China – Second Wave
      • Things To Know About COVID-19 Wave II
      • COVID-19 & Consumer Concerns in China
      • COVID-19 & Consumer Concerns in Mexico
      • COVID-19 & Consumer Concerns in Italy
      • Consumer Response to COVID-19
      • Baby Care
      • Childrenswear
      • Back to School
      • Intimates
      • Global Lifestyle Monitor : India
      • Global Lifestyle Monitor : Turkey
      • Global Lifestyle Monitor: Germany
      • Global Lifestyle Monitor: Italy
      • Global Lifestyle Monitor: United Kingdom
      • Global Lifestyle Monitor: China
      • Global Lifestyle Monitor: Thailand
      • Global Lifestyle Monitor: Colombia
      • Global Lifestyle Monitor: Mexico
      • Global Lifestyle Monitor: Japan
      • Sustainability Concerned Consumers
      • Sustainable Clothing
      • When Does Sustainability Matter
      • Back To School Apparel
      • Fueling Consumption in Mexico’s Activewear Market
      • Home Textiles: Bath Towels
      • Home Textiles: Sheets & Bedding
      • The Now of Retail : Millennials
      • Securing the Hispanic Consumer
      • Childrenswear & Back To School Apparel
      • China’s Baby Care & Feminine Hygiene Market
      • Prospects for Tomorrow’s Underwear Market
      • Easing Apparel Sourcing Cost Pressures
    • Supply Chain Video Insights
    • Cotton Market Podcasts
      • Chinese Cotton Policy Podcasts
      • Pass-Through Series Podcasts
      • Educational Series Preview
      • Educational Series Podcasts
  • Cotton Production
    • Ag Resources
      • Cotton Crop Market News
        • Cotton Market Weekly
        • Cotton Marketing Planner Newsletter
        • Cottonseed Market Prices
      • Cotton Farming Decision Aids
        • 2020 Crop Loan Calculator
        • 2019 Crop Loan Calculator
        • 2018 Upland Cotton Loan Calculator
        • 2018 ELS Cotton Loan Calculator
        • 2017 Upland Cotton Loan Calculator
        • 2017 ELS Cotton Loan Calculator
        • 2014 Farm Bill – Farm Program and Insurance Decision Aid
        • The Agricultural & Food Policy Center
        • Cotton Basis Tools
        • Cotton Harvest Cost Comparison Program/Decision Aid
        • Cotton Irrigation Decision Aid
        • Cotton Module Transport Calculator
        • Cotton Precision Agriculture Investment Decision Aid
        • Cropland Rental Tool (CROPRENT)
        • Precision Agriculture Yield Variability Analyzer
        • South Plains Profitability
      • Spotlight on Cotton Growers
        • Soil Variability Lessons Learned
        • Alternative and Low-Cost Sources of Lime and Fertilizer
        • Year-Round Expert Advice to Cotton Growers
        • No-Till, Double-Cropping System Yields Costs Savings
        • Precision Input Cost Reduction
        • Using Gray Water in Cotton Production
        • Manage Heat with Innovation for Cotton Production
        • Innovative Water Sharing System
        • Satellite Imagery Technology to Manage Variable Soil
      • Websites & Online Resources
        • COTMAN™ Crop Management System
        • Seed Matrix
        • Cotton LEADS™
        • Focus on Cotton
      • Cotton Harvest Systems
        • The Spindle-Type Cotton Harvester
          • Introduction
          • Maximizing Harvester Capacity & Productivity
          • Seed Cotton Handling Systems
          • Basic Safety Precautions
          • Preseason Procedures
          • In-Season Procedures
          • Appendix: Harvest Loss Calculations
          • Suggested Reading on Cotton Pickers
        • Stripper Harvesting
          • Background of Cotton Harvesting
          • Preharvest Preparation
          • Stripper Harvester Preparation
          • In-Season Procedures
          • Fiber Quality
          • Safety Is Your Responsibility!
          • References
        • Seed Cotton Handling Storage
          • A Brief History of Cotton Modules
          • Module Types
          • What Is at Risk When Seed Cotton Is Stored
          • Forming Covering Conventional Modules
          • Case IH Half-Length Modules
          • John Deere Round Modules
          • Proper Cutting of Plastic Wrap on Round Modules
          • Module Covers
          • Safety
          • References
        • Cotton Harvest System Videos
        • Cotton Module Traceability
      • Irrigation Management
        • Why Irrigate Cotton?
        • Why Schedule Irrigation?
        • Initiating and Terminating Irrigation for the Season
        • Cotton Water Requirements
        • Water-Sensitivity of Cotton Growth Stages
        • Sensor-Based Scheduling
        • Irrigation Scheduling Tools
        • Management Considerations for Irrigated Cotton
        • Irrigation Systems Overview
        • References and Additional Resources
    • Ag Research
      • Agricultural Economics
        • Farm Finance
        • Cotton Futures and Options
        • Crop Insurance
      • Agronomy
        • SeedMatrix.com
        • Rolling High Rye for Conservation of Tillage Cotton Success
        • Nitrogen Requirements of Contemporary Cotton Cultivars
        • Cotton Variety Performance & Selection
        • Bronze Wilt Cotton
        • Managing Nitrogen Fertilization In Cotton
        • Sticky Cotton Sources Solutions – A Cooperative Extension
        • Utility of Plant Growth Regulation in Cotton Production
      • Cottonseed
        • Cottonseed Market Prices
          • Cottonseed Market Prices Archives
        • wholecottonseed.com
        • Whole Cottonseed a Super Feed for Dairy Cows
        • Cottonseed Press Releases
        • Cottonseed Storage
        • Cottonseed Goes With the Flow
        • EasiFlo™ Cottonseed Research
      • Engineering
        • Ginning Research
        • Precision Crop Management for Cotton
          • Precision Cotton Technology Providers
          • Other Precision Agriculture for Cotton Websites
          • Cotton Yield Maps: Tools for increasing efficiency & profitability
          • Cotton Yield Monitors – The Entrance Exam & Final Exam
          • Sensor-Based Application of Cotton Inputs – Approaches for plant growth regulators, harvest aids, and nitrogen
        • Ultra Narrow Row Cotton Harvest to Textiles
          • UNRC Research and Production Experiences
          • Ginning Stripper Harvested Cotton
          • Marketing Stripper Harvested
          • Fiber and Textile Quality
          • Finger Stripper Harvesting Technology
        • ENSO and Cotton Yield Variability
      • Entomology
        • Cotton Aphid
        • Caterpillar
        • Plant Bugs
        • Spider Mites
        • Stink Bugs
        • Thrips
        • Whitefly
          • Management of White Fly Resistance to Key Insecticides in Arizona
          • Technical Advisory Committee of the Whitefly Q Biotype Task Force
          • Sticky Cotton Sources and Solutions – The University of Arizona, Cooperative Extension
          • Whitefly Management in Arizona Cotton 2006 – The University of Arizona, Cooperative Extension
      • Herbicide Stewardship
        • Herbicide-resistant Weeds Training Lessons
          • Current Status of Herbicide Resistance in Weeds
          • How Herbicides Work
          • What Is Herbicide Resistance?
          • Scouting After a Herbicide Application and Confirming Herbicide Resistance
          • Principles of Managing Herbicide Resistance
        • Take Action Against Herbicide-Resistant Weeds
        • Weed Resistance in Herbicide-Resistant Cultivars R.L. Nichols
        • Preparing for the Auxin Technologies R.L. Nichols
        • Auxin Technologies Meeting Report R.L. Nichols
        • The Stewardship of Herbicides R.L. Nichols
      • Nematology
        • 2012 Breeding Cotton for Resistance to Fusarium and Nematodes Meeting Presentations
        • 2007 Genetics of Root Knot Nematode Resistance in Cotton Meeting Presentations
        • 2005 Breeding Cotton for Resistance to Nematodes Meeting Presentations
        • 2003 Breeding Cotton Nematode Resistance Meeting Presentations
        • Accomplishments of a 10-Year Initiative to Develop Host Plant Resistance to Root-Knot and Reniform Nematodes in Cotton 2003 – 2013
        • Managing Nematodes in Cotton-Based Cropping Systems (December 2012)
        • 2009 Status of Site-Specific Nematicide Treatment
        • 2005 Breeding Cotton for Resistance to Nematodes Meeting Report – June 9, 2005 Meeting in Memphis, Tennessee
        • 2003 Breeding Cotton for Resistance to Nematodes (Meeting Report)
        • 2006 Non-Transgenic Host Plant Resistance to Root-Knot and Reniform Nematodes in Cotton – R. L. Nichols, Cotton Incorporated
        • 2007 Report of the Research Coordination Meeting Genetics of Root-Knot Nematode Resistance in Cotton
      • Plant Pathology
        • Cotton Leafroll Dwarf Virus Research Review
        • Identification and Management of Fusarium Wilt Race 4
        • Exotic Polerovirus Infecting Cotton in the Southeast U. S.
        • Research Coordination Meeting on Target Spot Presentations
        • Review of the Bacterial Blight Research Program
        • Identification and Management of Bacterial Blight of Cotton
        • Diagnosis and Management of Foliar Diseases in the United States
        • Site-Specific Management of Cotton Root Rot Using Airborne and Satellite Imagery and Variable Rate Technology
        • Cotton Root Rot(Phymatotrichopsis Root Rot) and it’s Management
      • Variety Improvement
        • 2019 Cotton Breeder’s Tour
        • Cotton Breeders’ Tours Presentations
        • State Variety Trial Data
        • Breeder Fiber Sample Information
          • Fiber Sample Packaging and Labeling
          • Packing Enclosure Form
          • Why Bad Samples are Bad
        • Cotton Breeders’ Tour Archives
        • Sample Project Summaries
      • Weed Management
        • Managing Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth
          • Introduction and Overview
          • Update from States
            • Arkansas
            • Georgia
            • Louisiana
            • Mississippi
            • North Carolina
            • South Carolina
            • Tennessee
            • Summary Discussion
          • Research Presentations
            • Segregation and what it means in Palmer amaranth
            • Plant Population Genetics
            • Colorado Molecular and Basic Research
          • Research Programs from Industry
            • Syngenta
            • Bayer CropScience
            • Monsanto
          • Palmer Roundtable Summary
          • List of Attendees
        • 2016 Biology and Management of Herbicide-Resistant Palmer Amaranth in Cotton in the United States
        • 2011 Pigweed Resistance: How Much? To What? And Where?
        • 2010 Impacts of Herbicide Resistant Weeds – Southern States
        • 2010 Meeting the Challenge of Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth in Conservation Tillage
        • 2009 Glyphosate Weed Resistance Update
        • 2009 Control Failures with Ryegrass
        • 2008 Glyphosate-Resistant Populations of Amaranthus palmeri in the United States
        • 2006 Managing Herbicide Resistance in Cotton Cropping Systems
      • Meetings, Tours, and Presentations
        • International Cotton Genome Initiative (ICGI) Research Conference Presentations
        • Conservation Tillage Conferences
          • 2015 Conservation Tillage Conference Proceedings
          • 2014 Conservation Tillage Conference Proceedings
          • 2013 Conservation Tillage Conference Proceedings
          • 2012 Conservation Tillage Conference Proceedings
          • 2011 Conservation Tillage Conference Proceedings
          • 2010 Conservation Tillage Conference Proceedings
          • 2009 Conservation Tillage Conference Proceedings
          • 2008 Conservation Tillage Conference Proceedings
          • 2007 Conservation Tillage Conference Proceedings
        • Cotton Biotechnology Workshops
        • Crop Management Seminar Presentations
          • 2014 Crop Management Seminar Presentations
          • 2012 Crop Management Seminar Presentations
          • 2006 Crop Management Seminar Presentations
          • 2010 Crop Management Seminar Presentations
          • 2008 Crop Management Seminar Presentations
      • Ag Research Staff Directory
      • Cotton Incorporated Fellows
        • Cotton Incorporated Fellowships (CIF)
      • State Support Program
        • State Support Program Bylaws
          • Alabama State Support Committee Bylaws
          • California State Support Committee Bylaws
          • Florida State Support Committee Bylaws
          • Georgia State Support Committee Bylaws
          • Louisiana State Support Committee Bylaws
          • Mississippi State Support Committee Bylaws
          • Missouri State Support Committee Bylaws
          • North Carolina State Support Committee Bylaws
          • Oklahoma State Support Committee Bylaws
          • South Carolina State Support Committee Bylaws
          • Tennessee State Support Committee Bylaws
          • Virginia State Cotton Support Committee Bylaws
        • State Support Program Guidelines
        • State Support Program Projects
    • Cotton Quality
      • Classification of Cotton
        • Overview
        • Maintaining Official Standards for Classification
        • Classification of Upland Cotton
        • Classification of American Pima Cotton
        • Quality and Reliability of Classification Data
        • Dissemination of Data
        • Acknowledgements
      • 2019/2020 U.S. Cotton Fiber Chart
        • Properties of the Growing Regions
        • Grades of U.S. Cotton
        • Ratings of Fiber Properties
        • Bale Sizes
        • HVI® Color Chart
      • Cotton Crop Quality
        • Weekly Cotton Crop Quality Report
        • Most Planted Cotton Varieties for 2019
        • Final Cotton Crop Quality Summary Reports
        • Cotton Properties Legend
        • Cotton Crop Quality Summary
      • Product Evaluation Lab
        • Independent Testing Laboratories
      • Cotton Standards Websites
      • EFS® Software
        • MILLNet™ Software
          • MILLNet™ Software Video
        • USCROP™ Software
        • Cotton Communicator™ Software
      • EFS® System Technical Service
      • EFS® Licensee Yarn Benefits
      • EFS® System Licensees
      • EFS® Fiber/Yarn Sourcing Directory
  • Quality Products
    • Textile Research
      • Dyeing Research
      • Fiber Processing
      • Finishing Research
      • Product Development
      • Technical Services & Implementation
      • Product Integrity
    • Nonwovens
      • Why Cotton?
      • Marketing Resources
        • Aquatic Degradation
        • The Global Baby Care Market Present and Future Growth
        • Trademark Licensing Program
        • Power of the Seal
        • Incontinence Protection
        • Global Feminine Hygiene
        • Responsible Cotton Production
        • Discover What Cotton Can DoTM
      • Cotton Fiber Tech Guide
        • Agricultural Production
        • Cotton Properties
        • Cotton Preparation
        • Cotton Morphology and Chemistry
      • Nonwovens Sourcing
    • Performance Technologies
      • NATURAL STRETCH Technology
        • NATURAL STRETCH Technology
        • NATURAL STRETCH Licensed Suppliers
      • PUREPRESS™ Technology
        • PUREPRESS™ Technology
        • PUREPRESS™ Licensed Suppliers
      • STORM COTTON™ Technology
        • STORM COTTON™ Technology
        • STORM COTTON™ Licensed Suppliers
      • TOUGH COTTON™ Technology
        • TOUGH COTTON™ Technology
        • TOUGH COTTON™ Licensed Suppliers
      • TransDRY® Technology
        • TransDRY® Technology
        • TransDRY® Licensed Suppliers
      • WICKING WINDOWS™ Technology
        • WICKING WINDOWS™ Technology
        • WICKING WINDOWS™ Licensed Suppliers
      • Technology Suppliers
    • Fabric Inspiration
      • FABRICAST™ Fabric Collections
        • FABRICAST™ 2020 Collection
        • FABRICAST™ 2019
        • 2018 Part 2
        • 2018 Part 1
        • MMXVII Part 2
        • MMXVII Part 1
        • Creative Cotton II
        • Creative Cotton I
        • Cotton Compilation II
        • Cotton Compilation I
        • Cotton Innovations II
        • Cotton Innovations I
        • Natural Concepts II
        • Natural Concepts I
        • Cotton Inspiration II
        • Cotton Inspiration I
        • Natural Innovations
      • Performance Knitwear
      • Cotton Durability
    • Textile Resources
      • Technical Bulletins
      • Standard Fabric Defect Glossary
      • Textile Encyclopedia
      • Textile Glossary
      • Fabric Defects Classification
      • Engineered Cotton Knits Guidelines
      • Cotton Fiber Development and Processing
    • Textile Sourcing
      • Cut and Sew
      • Dyers
      • Dye and Wash
      • Finishers
      • Knitters
      • Printers
      • Spinners
      • Weavers
      • Textile Associations and Resources
  • Consumer Marketing
    • Retail Partnerships
      • Retail Partnerships Contact Form
    • Cotton Science & Sustainability Lesson Plans

Ginning Stripper Harvested Cotton

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Ginning Stripper Harvested Cotton

Cotton Production › Ag Research › Engineering › Ultra Narrow Row Cotton Harvest to Textiles › Ginning Stripper Harvested Cotton

Ginning Stripper Harvested Cotton

Moderator: Stanley Anthony, U.S. Cotton Ginning Laboratory
Panelists: Roy Baker, USDA-ARS
Kenneth Hood, Ginner (MS)
Curtis Stewart, Ginner (AR)

Stanley Anthony opened the session on ginning with an overview of “Considerations for Ginning Ultra Narrow Row Cotton.” He indicated that gins must consider the following factors when preparing to process stripper-harvested cotton:

  • Cotton must be harvested at lower moistures to prevent excessive fiber entanglement and subsequent poor preparation calls at the Classing Office, thus harvesting window is more narrow.
  • Trash contains more moisture than cotton and thus stripper-harvested modules might have a greater potential for fiber degradation.
  • Field cleaners should be used on strippers.
  • Modules have higher trash content and occupy more storage space on gin yard. It takes about 1800-2200 pounds of material to get 500 lb of lint as compared to 1400 for spindle pickers.
  • Gins need more drying, and larger trash removal and handling equipment due to trash moisture
  • Reduced ginning rate with current machines (about 40% with existing equipment) and more wear on equipment and more trash to dispose of at the gin.
  • More trash in cottonseed and motes (lower value).
  • Possible lint grade reductions due to bark and increased short fiber and neps with additional cleaning.
  • Fixed and variable costs of ginning go up.

Mr. Kenneth Hood of Perthshire Plantation near Gunnison, MS is both a farmer and a ginner. Most of his comments were directed toward farmers because he feels that gins can be modified mechanically to handle the UNRC. Mr. Hood warned that UNRC is a major change and requires an entirely different approach to cotton production. He advises farmers to:

  • Change cultural practices. If you are accustomed to conventional rows, banded herbicides, and cultivation in the middles, you have to develop a new mind set.
  • Change your planting habits. When using this system, you must get ready to plant at least 30 to 35 pounds of seed per acre. You can’t skimp on seed if you expect the crop to develop a quick canopy cover. That is necessary for good weed control. When your stand is thin and you can see the ground, you can keep the crop clean – but it will cost you a fortune.
  • Control morning glories, vines, and broadleaf weeds. You will have a mess on your hands at harvest time if weeds and grasses come through the cotton. In spots where heavy weed infestations are breaking through, you have to be willing to give up those areas of the field.
  • Use Pix effectively. When using the ultra-narrow-row system, it is essential to keep plants short and slender. Proper use of a plant growth regulator, coupled with close, high-density plant spacing, is necessary to force the correct plant morphology for efficient harvest.
  • Harvest fast. Once you desiccate or defoliate the crop, you have to be ready to harvest in a hurry. When the leaves are off and the bolls are open, you have to get the crop out of the field immediately.
  • Hood told producers that before they choose UNRC they need to ask themselves several questions. “Are you ready to change your cultural practices?” “Are you ready to change your planting habits? Are you ready for the costs?” He added that producers also need to determine whether their gins are ready.
  • Hood emphasized that with UNRC, precision planting is a must. “Are you ready to plant 30 pounds per acre of cotton seed?” he asked producers. He also noted that the Mid-South poses a particular problem: with the high humidity, it’s difficult to desiccate cotton.
  • Manufacturers must provide good harvesting machines.”

According to Curtis Stewart, General Manager of Dumas Cotton Gin, Dumas, AR, Dumas Cotton Gin (DCG) processed 712 bales of Ultra Narrow Row Stripper Harvested Cotton (UNRC) during the 97-98 season. All but 5 bales of these bales were commercially grown, with the exception bales being from the experiment station at Rohwer, Arkansas.

The UNRC contained 640 pounds of trash per bale on average, compared to 180 pounds per bale of conventional picker cotton. This increase in trash is similar to stripper harvested cotton with a burr extractor. Ginning was reduced from 60 bales per hour to 15. This decrease in ginning rate was attributed to the additional trash content of the cotton, as well as the volume of trash going through the trash handling system. The trash handling system at Dumas must be redesigned to prevent this problem; however, ginning rate will still be substantially reduced for UNRC. Grades from the UNRC were comparable with the conventional cotton, but with increased bark, grass and prep calls. There were no differences in cottonseed grades, and no dockage for excess trash.

While the experiences with UNRC were generally negative, all the problems associated with ginning can be resolved with money and experience. Ginners need to know up-front that ginning rate will decrease, and that the equivalent of 3-4 bales of picker trash per bale of UNRC, and extra wear and tear on ginning machinery. DCG remains committed to the advancement of UNRC, but cautions growers that there will be extra charges at the ginning level for the extra wear on equipment and slower ginning rates.

Roy Baker, Research Leader at the Lubbock, TX, Cotton Ginning Laboratory of the Agricultural Research Service of the USDA, discussed “Ginning Stripper Harvested Cotton.”

1. Background – Our research at Lubbock has always been focused on stripper harvested cotton, which for the most part is grown in Texas, Oklahoma, and Eastern New Mexico. Today we really have two types of stripper cotton in these areas. We have brushed stripped cotton without field cleaners and brushed stripped cotton with field cleaning. The gins in these stripper areas are setup to handle the typically 700 – 900 lb of trash/bale that is found in regular brush stripped cotton. When they process field cleaned cotton, they only have to deal with 400 lbs of trash per bale, which is real easy if you are setup for the heavier loading but very difficult if you are not.

Stripper gins have higher capacity conveying systems (larger air lines and fans) than do most picker gins, especially for trash handling. They also use at least one more stage of stick extraction than their picker cousins, and in many cases the 1st stage of extraction is a combination bur & stick machine rather than a ordinary stick machine. Stripper gins, however, rely on similar fine trash removal equipment as picker gins. They normally use two stages of cylinder cleaning, a good cleaning/extracting feeder, and one or two stages of saw lint cleaning for this purpose. Stripper gins need double lint cleaning a little more often than a picker gin, but there are still many instances where one lint cleaner is enough to produce maximum bale value for the farmer,

2. Potential Ginning Problems for Picker Gins Handling Stripped Cotton

A: Over loaded trash conveyors, pneumatic conveying lines and trash disposal systems.

B. If an extra stick machine is not available, then a lot more trash will get to the feeder and gin stand. This could overload the feeder’s trash auger, put more trash into the gin stand, increase the trash content of the cottonseed and lint, and increase the bark content of the lint.

C. Even with a field cleaner, a stripper will harvest 2 to 3 times more trash than a picker.

D. Increased trash levels can put an extra load on seed cotton drying systems, forcing a slow down in ginning rate.

E. Higher trash levels are normally also associated with higher R&M, leading to higher ginning costs.

F. Current ginning charges for picked cotton may not adequately cover actual ginning costs of stripped cotton if the extra trash in stripped cotton causes the picker gin to slow down, or to have more downtime, or to incur more repair, energy and labor costs per bale.

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